Technology transfer is a multilevel process of communication involving a variety of senders and receivers of ideas and materials. Business models of innovation closed innovationand open innovationtopic 7 c belgrade, june 21 and 22, 2011 national workshop on innovation promotion and technology transfer. An introduction catherine innes catherine innes is director of the office of technology development at the university of north carolina at chapel hill. To reconcile this paradox, technology transfer managers may use in their managerial thinking different business models. He also emphasized the relationship between technology. It is suggested in this paper that transfer of technology is not a onetime activity. The ultimate objective is to pose the question of relevance of some existing models and ideas. Including such markers creates a more dynamic picture of the potential for future commercialization, even if that commercialization has yet to occur. Technology transfer as the process of pharmaceutical quality system. Technology transfer embodies both the transfer of documentation and the demonstrated ability of the receiving unit ru to effectively perform the critical elements of the transferred technology, to the satisfaction of all parties and any applicable regulatory bodies. Tom hockaday, technology transfer innovation ltd ip pragmatics ltd.
It is pertinent to note that various technology transfer models and mechanisms globally available have been incorporated in this paper. T h e j o u r n a l o f in contrast, some scholars criticized defining t e c h n o l o g y s t u d i e s 50 products, devices, machines, or systems. Technology and modes of technology transfer technology and technology transfer tt are concepts with boundaries that we cannot clearly define. The conceptual model proposed could be useful to improve the efficiency of existing technology transfer mechanisms. Business models of innovation closed innovationand. Technology transfer issues and a new technology transfer model. As a response to market failure, or as an effort to accelerate marketdriven social change, technology transfer may combine public and private aparatus or rely solely on public institutional mechanisms to identify, develop, and deliver innovations and. Factors that have facilitated international technology transfer include. In the late 1960s and early 1970s there was a need to increase total production by intensive agriculture. Since us technology transfer mechanisms have played a role model, this would be a first step towards rethinking university business models sustainability in other university systems elsewhere. Technology transfer as the process of pharmaceutical. Annex 7 who guidelines on transfer of technology in. Technology transfer occurs either informally or formally. Use adobe acrobat reader version 10 or higher for the best experience.
The traditional model of the technology transfer process in figure 1 is illustrated as a linear model, and it begins with the process of discovery by a university scientist siegel et al. Technology transfer in countries in transition final21. The intention is to cover the overall innovation and technology transfer process including activities performed by the. An assessment model for publicresearch and transfer organizations a standard based model for innovation, knowledgeand technology transfer based on the process assessment framework isoiec 15504 spice the model was evaluated in several universities, research, transfer and governmental organizations moving technology transfer towards predictable. Informal technology transfer refers to transfer that happens without directed efforts toward putting a technology into. Pdf technology transfer introduction, facts and models lost. Technology transfer involves the implementation of scientific or technological information in a context different from that for which it was developed. Competing goals in university technology transfer shape business model configurations for ttos.
In an increasingly globalised world, the promise of technology transfer is a key consideration for all countries whether in low, middle and high income countries. Neither the united states government, nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees. Innovation, knowledgeand technology transfer models for. However the authors think that the suggested technology transfer model, needs further development in details. The aforementioned complexity and the large amount of literature that can be found on this subject make it necessary to discuss different models of technology transfer, to present and understand the elements involved, and to identify the relationship of technology transfer in the collaboration. Sometimes transfer technology is being understood in parallel to. Technology transfer is designed to accelerate the diffusion of an innovation. Building on its strong culture of encouraging fundamental research, this technology transfer and commercialization strategy proposes a detailed action plan aiming to. Technology transfer begins during the development of a new technology, continues through its dissemination, and extends into its early implementation. Function of technology transfer team 1 coordinate coordinating between technology users and developer, between researcher and manufacturers is important element of technology transfer. Through bridging agencies bridging agencies technology sources technology users bridging agencies. Different models are used to govern the implementation of technology transfer activities and their application to marketplace. Foster a progressive culture of technology transfer and commercialization. Bonitas enhanced innovation and technology transfer model.
Technology transfer and pharmaceutical quality systems. Technology transfer is a complex and sensitive process, if not conducted through awareness and research will entail hefty and immense costs. Technology development and transfer in agriculture s n nigam and c l l gowda1 abstract technology development is a response of scientific knowledge to the changing needs of consumers, farmers, community, country, and world trade. Technology transfer has been a subject of considerable. An overview of technology transfer and technology transfer models abstract in todays business setting, interest in the profitable exploitation of a firms technological assets, through technology transfer, has intensified. Pharmaceutical production and related technology transfer.
Open innovation is a paradigm that assumes that firms can and should use external ideas as well as internal. Understanding technology transfer 1 the focus on technology transfer o innovation accounts for more than half of all economic growth in developed countries. Conclusions are drawn regarding the evaluation of program performance. Universitys technology transfer and commercialization. Furthermore, analyzing how technology and innovation policies affect university business model innovation, especially in emerging countries, provides.
Technology transfer issues and a new technology transfer. Pdf models and methods of university technology transfer. This paper addresses various issues relating to technology and transfer of technology such as technology and society, technology and science, channels and models of technology transfer, the role of multinational companies in transfer of technology, etc. Pdf over the years, universities have been considered as research centers that seek to collaborate with industries to create innovative. Jistem journal of information systems and technology management vol. In todays business setting, interest in the profitable exploitation of a firms technological assets, through technology transfer, has intensified. We know that actual technology transfer happens within the patent system in the ex ante context. In china, there are traded contracts for technology development, technology transfer, technology consulting, and technology service. Technology transfer and technology transfer intermediaries. This process requires multiple stakeholders and resources, and involves activities related to translation and adoption. The process of transfer of new discoveries and innovations resulting from scientific research conducted at nonprofit research institutions or government laboratories to the commercial sectors. Technology transfer is related to the innovation process and can be viewed as the subset of that process that is concerned with innovations that are technologies. University technology transfer office business models. An overview of technology transfer and technology transfer models.
Models, processes, and roles of universities in technology. Those that are external to the organisation also referred to as formal and those that are internal to the. Mechanism steps for the technology donor proceed with a technology transfer commercialisation project preliminary evaluation of the originality market and technical assessment ip protection not proceed with a technology transfer project decisions. In the context of bonita we are referring to a technology transfer from academia to industry.
A conceptual model of technology transfer for public. This monograph argues that a linear model of technology transfer is no longer sufficient, or perhaps even no longer relevant, to account for the nuances and complexities of the technology transfer. There are many popular models of tech nology transfer. Modelling technology transfer as a process strategy 303 fig. Technology transfer models and elements in the university. University technology transfer takes many forms, primarily the annual migration of university graduates into the wider commercial world and the publication of research findings. There are three main key mechanisms or models of technology transfer from. The model considers a number of determinants of effectiveness, including various characteristics of the technology, the transfer agent and the technology recipient. Technology, international technology transfer, modeling, influential factors. Technology transfer issues and a new technology transfer model hee jun choi.
This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the united states government. The term scientist is used as a descriptor for a university researcher. Here business models are not conceived as a metaconcept. Given the three areas of technology, all the mechanisms of transfer can be categorised in two main categories. This section presents various thoughtprovoking perspectives on how technology transfer offices are structured to meet differing objectives and environments. Pdf technology transfer models and elements in the university. Technology transfer is a complicated process, which includes several closely related elements like technology embodied and disembodied.
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